Table 8 Mean group estimation ARDL model (with total factor productivity)
From: Health expenditure, child and maternal mortality nexus: a comparative global analysis
Income Groups | Independent variables | IMR | MMR | U5MR | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | ||
LY | HEPC | 0.49* (.15) | −0.03*(.004) | 1.7(2.6) | −0.25*(.10) | −0.42*(.10) | −0.10*(.00) |
N = 24 | TFP | −0.52 (.41) | 0.003(.02) | 1.2*(5.1) | −0.21(.15) | −4.1*(.38) | 0.01*(.03) |
LM | HEPC | −0.003*(.00) | −0.05*(.01) | − 0.01*(.00) | − 0.01(0.01) | − 0.01(.00) | − 0.005(.02) |
N = 32 | TFP | 0.04(.02) | 0.00(.002) | 0.21*(.03) | − 0.13(0.07) | 0.01(.02) | 0.002(.01) |
HM | HEPC | 0.01 (.001) | − 0.01(.01) | − 0.01*(.00) | − 0.002(.00) | 0.01*(.00) | − 0.002(.01) |
N = 22 | TFP | −0.18*(.07) | 0.01*(.003) | 0.15(.12) | −0.05(.02) | −0.02(.06) | 0.01(.01) |
HY | HEPC | −0.002*(.00) | −0.001*(.01) | − 0.003*(.00) | −0.003*(.00) | − 0.002*(.00) | −0.001*(.00) |
N = 37 | TFP | −0.01(.02) | −0.002(.001) | 0.02(.03) | −0.02(.01) | − 0.02(0.01) | −0.001(.001) |