Socioeconomic determinants of birth registration in Ghana

Amo-Adjei, Joshua; Annim, Samuel Kobina

doi:10.1186/s12914-015-0053-z

BMC International Health and Human Rights

Table 2 Binary logistic regression of the likelihood of a child born in Ghana being registered

From: Socioeconomic determinants of birth registration in Ghana

Explanatory factors	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4		Model 5		Model 6
	OR	95 % CI	OR	95 % CI	OR	95 % CI	OR	95 % CI	OR	95 % CI	OR	95 % CI
Child age-months	1.07**	[1.05,1.10]	1.08**	[1.06,1.11]	1.08**	[1.06,1.11]	1.08**	[1.06,1.11]	1.08**	[1.06,1.11]	1.11**	[1.07,1.14]
Child age squared	1.00**	[1.00,1.00]	1.00**	[1.00,1.00]	1.00**	[1.00,1.00]	1.00**	[1.00,1.00]	1.00**	[1.00,1.00]	1.00**	[1.00,1.00]
Maternal education^a
Primary	1.57**	[1.15,2.14]	1.58**	[1.16,2.16]	1.56**	[1.15,2.12]	1.61**	[1.19,2.20]	1.60**	[1.17,2.18]	1.54*	[1.05,2.27]
Middle/JSS	1.80**	[1.30,2.48]	1.82**	[1.32,2.52]	1.88**	[1.37,2.60]	1.88**	[1.36,2.59]	1.84**	[1.33,2.54]	2.06**	[1.37,3.12]
Secondary plus	1.70⁺	[0.92,3.12]	1.72⁺	[0.94,3.17]	1.80⁺	[0.97,3.34]	1.74⁺	[0.94,3.21]	1.72⁺	[0.94,3.18]	1.13	[0.53,2.43]
Paternal education^a
Primary	1.37⁺	[0.97,1.94]	1.41⁺	[1.00,1.99]	1.42*	[1.01,2.01]	1.42*	[1.00,2.00]	1.40⁺	[0.99,1.98]	1.34	[0.89,2.03]
Middle/JSS	1.66**	[1.20,2.28]	1.71**	[1.24,2.34]	1.66**	[1.21,2.28]	1.70**	[1.24,2.34]	1.70**	[1.23,2.33]	1.55*	[1.04,2.30]
Secondary plus	1.61*	[1.04,2.48]	1.69*	[1.10,2.60]	1.64*	[1.07,2.53]	1.68*	[1.09,2.59]	1.68*	[1.09,2.59]	1.94*	[1.14,3.30]
Wealth status^b
Below average	1.48**	[1.11,1.96]	1.54**	[1.16,2.04]	1.54**	[1.16,2.04]	1.53**	[1.15,2.03]	1.53**	[1.15,2.03]	1.42*	[1.01,2.00]
Average	3.49**	[2.41,5.06]	3.62**	[2.50,5.24]	3.76**	[2.59,5.45]	3.68**	[2.54,5.32]	3.61**	[2.50,5.22]	3.23**	[2.06,5.09]
Above average	3.00**	[1.99,4.53]	3.12**	[2.07,4.71]	3.22**	[2.13,4.85]	3.17**	[2.10,4.79]	3.11**	[2.06,4.70]	2.98**	[1.78,5.00]
Highest	7.87**	[4.53,13.67]	8.17**	[4.70,14.21]	8.19**	[4.70,14.26]	8.13**	[4.67,14.16]	8.13**	[4.68,14.13]	5.39**	[2.68,10.84]
Type of residence
Urban	1.38*	[1.02,1.87]	1.41*	[1.04,1.91]	1.40*	[1.04,1.90]	1.38*	[1.02,1.87]	1.40*	[1.03,1.89]	1.34	[0.91,1.97]
Child sex			0.97	[0.79,1.19]	0.97	[0.79,1.19]	0.97	[0.79,1.19]	0.97	[0.79,1.19]	1.10	[0.85,1.42]
Region ^c	0.96	[0.78,1.18]
Western			1.50	[0.92,2.45]	1.48	[0.90,2.44]	1.46	[0.89,2.39]	1.47	[0.90,2.41]	1.60	[0.87,2.94]
Central	1.48	[0.90,2.42]	1.82*	[1.10,3.02]	1.85*	[1.11,3.07]	1.84*	[1.11,3.05]	1.82*	[1.10,3.01]	2.15*	[1.11,4.18]
Greater Accra	1.77*	[1.07,2.93]	1.45	[0.83,2.54]	1.48	[0.84,2.62]	1.46	[0.84,2.56]	1.45	[0.83,2.53]	1.55	[0.77,3.11]
Volta	1.45	[0.83,2.54]	2.07**	[1.23,3.48]	2.15**	[1.28,3.64]	2.07**	[1.23,3.49]	2.06**	[1.23,3.46]	2.51**	[1.30,4.85]
Eastern	2.16**	[1.28,3.65]	1.00	[1.00,1.00]	1.00	[1.00,1.00]	1.00	[1.00,1.00]	1.00	[1.00,1.00]	1.00	[1.00,1.00]
Ashanti	1.00	[1.00,1.00]	1.61*	[1.01,2.56]	1.62*	[1.01,2.59]	1.59⁺	[0.99,2.54]	1.59⁺	[1.00,2.54]	1.95*	[1.10,3.48]
Brong-Ahafo	1.58⁺	[0.99,2.52]	1.74*	[1.06,2.86]	1.84*	[1.11,3.04]	1.74*	[1.06,2.85]	1.74*	[1.06,2.86]	2.25*	[1.18,4.29]
Northern	1.72*	[1.05,2.83]	4.16**	[2.55,6.79]	4.18**	[2.55,6.86]	4.23**	[2.59,6.92]	4.15**	[2.54,6.78]	5.30**	[2.91,9.66]
Upper East	4.12**	[2.52,6.74]	7.97**	[4.69,13.54]	8.39**	[4.89,14.38]	8.06**	[4.73,13.73]	8.01**	[4.71,13.62]	11.31**	[5.78,22.11]
Upper West	7.70**	[4.52,13.09]	4.94**	[2.90,8.39]	5.16**	[3.00,8.85]	4.94**	[2.90,8.42]	4.88**	[2.87,8.31]	5.25**	[2.75,10.06]
Religion of head of household^d
Christian	1.15	[0.78,1.69]	1.15	[0.78,1.70]	1.17	[0.79,1.72]	1.16	[0.79,1.71]	1.15	[0.78,1.70]	0.84	[0.52,1.36]
Moslem	1.95**	[1.28,2.97]	2.00**	[1.32,3.04]	2.00**	[1.31,3.04]	1.99**	[1.31,3.03]	2.00**	[1.32,3.04]	1.49	[0.89,2.48]
Traditional	0.70	[0.43,1.15]	0.73	[0.45,1.18]	0.72	[0.44,1.17]	0.73	[0.45,1.19]	0.74	[0.45,1.19]	0.57+	[0.31,1.06]
Spiritualist	1.74⁺	[0.92,3.28]	1.75⁺	[0.93,3.28]	1.79⁺	[0.97,3.29]	1.78⁺	[0.95,3.32]	1.76⁺	[0.94,3.28]	1.36	[0.64,2.88]
Vaccination
Marital status ^e	5.64**	[2.18,14.58]
Formerly married			0.09	[0.00,2.18]	0.09	[0.00,2.02]	0.09	[0.00,2.11]	0.09	[0.00,2.11]	1.00	[1.00,1.00]
Never married	0.09	[0.00,2.16]	1.00	[1.00,1.00]	1.00	[1.00,1.00]	1.00	[1.00,1.00]	1.00	[1.00,1.00]	1.00	[1.00,1.00]
Mother’s age (single years)^f	1.00	[1.00,1.00]	1.01	[0.99,1.02]					1.07	[0.94,1.23]
Age cohort
20-24					1.69	[0.57,4.99]
25-29					2.68+	[0.92,7.81]
30-34					1.75	[0.60,5.10]
35-39					2.45	[0.83,7.17]
40-44					1.61	[0.53,4.87]
45-49					2.76+	[0.84,9.08]
Adolescent							0.74*	[0.55,0.98]	1.0	[1,00,1.00]	0.80	[0.57,1.13]
Mother’s age²									1.00	[1.00,1.00]
Place of delivery^g
Public health centre												1.73**
Private health centre												1.31
N	2450		2450		2450		2450		2450		1591
Log likelihood	−1327.63		−1337.19		−1326.06		−1334.39		−1336.63		−855.25
Hosmer-Lemeshow	22.80(0.00)		19.94(0.01)		13.22(0.07)		13.03(0.07)		12.82(0.08)		9.73(0.20)

Base categories: Mother’s and Father’s education (No Education)^a; Wealth (Lowest)^b; Region (Eastern)^c; Religion (No religion)^d; Marital Status (Currently Married)^e; Mother’s Age category (15–19)^f; Place of delivery (Home)^f
⁺p < .10, *p < .05, **p < .01

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