From: Myths and misconceptions about tuberculosis transmission in Ghana
Males | Females | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | 95% CI | Model 2 | 95% CI | Model 3 | 95% CI | Model 4 | 95% CI | |
Odds ratio | Adjusted odds ratio | Odds ratio | Adjusted odds ratio | |||||
Regiona | ||||||||
Western | 0.483*** | [0.357,0.653] | 0.448*** | [0.291,0.689] | 1.796** | [1.222,2.639] | 1.775** | [1.205,2.616] |
Greater Accra | 0.290*** | [0.215,0.389] | 0.257*** | [0.166,0.397] | 1.078 | [0.718,1.617] | 1.038 | [0.651,1.656] |
Volta | 0.639** | [0.472,0.865] | 0.613* | [0.398,0.945] | 1.244 | [0.816,1.897] | 1.475 | [0.890,2.444] |
Eastern | 0.508*** | [0.376,0.685] | 0.498** | [0.319,0.776] | 0.723 | [0.487,1.072] | 0.672 | [0.437,1.034] |
Ashanti | 0.447*** | [0.338,0.592] | 0.436** | [0.261,0.730] | 1.109 | [0.744,1.652] | 1.090 | [0.719,1.653] |
Brong-Ahafo | 0.282*** | [0.202,0.393] | 0.289*** | [0.190,0.438] | 0.685 | [0.438,1.071] | 0.753 | [0.485,1.168] |
Northern | 0.202*** | [0.147,0.278] | 0.232*** | [0.138,0.390] | 0.319*** | [0.200,0.509] | 0.562* | [0.340,0.928] |
Upper East | 0.364*** | [0.263,0.503] | 0.414** | [0.239,0.717] | 0.172*** | [0.105,0.283] | 0.308*** | [0.171,0.556] |
Upper West | 0.973 | [0.723,1.310] | 1.152 | [0.672,1.976] | 0.238*** | [0.151,0.374] | 0.408*** | [0.240,0.692] |
Residenceb | ||||||||
Rural | 0.983 | [0.756,1.280] | 1.122 | [0.859,1.466] | ||||
Religionc | ||||||||
Orthodox | 1.222 | [0.962,1.551] | 1.032 | [0.764,1.394] | ||||
Pentecostal/Charismatic | 1.193 | [0.938,1.516] | 1.200 | [0.895,1.610] | ||||
Moslem | 0.997 | [0.719,1.383] | 1.314 | [0.931,1.856] | ||||
Ethnicityd | ||||||||
Akan | 0.764* | [0.586,0.997] | 1.537** | [1.143,2.066] | ||||
Ga-Dangme | 0.544** | [0.365,0.812] | 1.538* | [1.031,2.294] | ||||
Ewe | 0.840 | [0.615,1.145] | 1.299 | [0.877,1.926] | ||||
Mole-Dagbani | 0.925 | [0.672,1.272] | 1.056 | [0.764,1.459] | ||||
Educatione | ||||||||
Primary | 1.406** | [1.106,1.788] | 1.211 | [0.972,1.509] | ||||
Secondary & higher | 1.678*** | [1.340,2.102] | 1.390** | [1.102,1.754] | ||||
Wealth indexf | ||||||||
Middle | 1.046 | [0.813,1.344] | 1.211 | [0.957,1.533] | ||||
Richer/richest | 1.024 | [0.772,1.358] | 1.128 | [0.857,1.485] | ||||
Marital statusg | ||||||||
Married | 0.994 | [0.789,1.252] | 0.959 | [0.769,1.197] | ||||
Never married | 1.098 | [0.765,1.576] | 1.177 | [0.872,1.589] | ||||
Age cohorth | ||||||||
20-24 | 1.310* | [1.042,1.648] | 1.153 | [0.904,1.470] | ||||
25-29 | 1.648*** | [1.275,2.129] | 1.807*** | [1.363,2.396] | ||||
30-34 | 1.873*** | [1.374,2.553] | 2.234*** | [1.652,3.022] | ||||
35-39 | 2.430*** | [1.780,3.318] | 2.518*** | [1.888,3.359] | ||||
40-44 | 2.981*** | [2.164,4.107] | 2.894*** | [2.078,4.030] | ||||
45-49 | 2.729*** | [1.950,3.819] | 2.950*** | [2.087,4.171] | ||||
50-54 | 3.172*** | [2.212,4.548] | – | – | ||||
55-59 | 2.410*** | [1.600,3.629] | – | – | ||||
Print mediai | ||||||||
Moderate | 1.145 | [0.960,1.365] | 1.004 | [0.830,1.215] | ||||
High exposure | 1.194 | [0.905,1.575] | 1.842** | [1.202,2.821] | ||||
Radioj | ||||||||
Moderate | 1.640** | [1.169,2.302] | 1.556*** | [1.217,1.988] | ||||
High exposure | 1.477* | [1.041,2.094] | 1.713*** | [1.341,2.187] | ||||
Televisionk | ||||||||
Moderate | 0.917 | [0.735,1.145] | 1.090 | [0.906,1.311] | ||||
High | 1.001 | [0.785,1.276] | 1.052 | [0.854,1.296] | ||||
_Cons | 1.182 | [0.937,1.490] | 0.301*** | [0.161,0.562] | 0.583*** | [0.428,0.794] | 0.0808*** | [0.0439,0.149] |
Log lik. | -2838.3 | -2724.9 | -2854.6 | -2724.9 | ||||
Chi-squared | 228.8 | 306.9 | 207.8 | 436.8 | ||||
N | 4568 | 4537 | 4916 | 4895 |